Pages: (88-107 )
Abstract
Background: Measles is a major problem of public health, especially in developing countries, Nigeria included, whose routine immunization coverage is often irregular. Despite the introduction of national measles control initiatives with free vaccinations and mass campaigns, every now and then there are periodic outbreaks. This study assessed the prevalence of measles and explored the relationship between disease distribution and measles incidence in Ogun State, Nigeria, from 2013 to 2022. Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted using surveillance data from the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system, encompassing both suspected and laboratory-confirmed measles cases. Supplementary data on vaccination coverage were obtained from the Ogun State Primary Health Care Development Board. Also, a key informant interview was conducted with 20 LGA DSNOs using a key informant questionnaire, where questions were asked about the perceived causes why the spread of measles persists in Ogun State despite the wide vaccination coverage. All data received were anonymized to ensure data confidentiality. Results: Measles cases peaked in 2017, potentially due to enhanced surveillance activities and seasonal factors. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between age and the number of measles vaccine doses received, suggesting that younger children are more likely to be vaccinated. Overall, measles incidence was highest among children under five years of age. While some cases had received at least one vaccine dose, a considerable proportion were either unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status. Conclusion: Measles remains a public health concern in Ogun State, with younger children disproportionately affected. Gaps in immunization coverage and unknown vaccination statuses highlight the need to strengthen routine immunization programs, improve cold chain logistics, and enhance data quality to ensure effective measles control and prevention.
Keywords: Case Fatality Ratio, Disease Surveillance, Measles, Ogun State, Routine Immunization, Vaccination,