Pages: (12-21 )
Abstract
The stem of Baphia longipedicellata was collected in Ikire, Osun State in Nigeria. Essential oil was extracted from Baphia longipendicellata using hydrodistillation method. The essential oil was subjected to gas chromatography mass spectroscopy technique to determine its chemical constituents. Antioxidant activities of the essential oil was investigated using 2, 2- Diphenyl-1 picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity method, at concentrations from 100 to 25 µg/ml. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oil was investigated using different bacteria strains :Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and with fungi strain Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. at concentrations of 100 to 25 mg/ ml. The GCMS analysis showed that the predominant constituents were 9, 12, 15- octade catrienoic acid ethyl ester (2,2,2) (37.53%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (30.52%) and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (16.03 %). Limonene (0.09%), caryophyllene (0.27%), copaene (0.07%), muurolene (0.06%) and squalene (0.47%) were also present. The antioxidant test revealed that the essential oil showed a significant percentage % radical scavenging activity of 79.36 % at concentration of 100 mg/ml when compared with the percentage % radical scavenging activity of the standard ascorbic acid at the same concentration. The antioxidant activities gave a significant IC5O value of 35. 56 µg/ml. The antimicrobial tests showed activities against all organisms except Aspergillus niger at 100 to 50 mg / ml. This study revealed that Baphia longipedicellata is a good source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
Keywords: Essential oil, antioxidant, antimicrobial, ascorbic acid,